Drone Regulations in India¶
Before we get into the basics of Drone Building, we need to understand what the Indian government thinks about it. Let's take a look at the hobby drone-flying scene in India:
What you should know¶
The following rules apply irrespective of the category of the drone.
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If you own a drone (defined as an RPAS or Remotely Piloted Aircraft System on the site), you need to register it with the Government of India. This is a mandatory requirement, and is not optional. This applies to custom-made drones and to commercial drones as well.
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Drone regulations differ based on the total weight of your drone. Each drone category comes with it's own set of rules and regulations that we need to abide by (Scroll down to see a list of drone categories and their weight classifications).
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Registration can be done by logging-on to the DGCA Digital Sky WebSite.
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If you are planning to build a drone, or have a drone that you have built yourself, it still needs to be registered. Theres a section below that covers this scenario.
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At the moment, the drone regulations in India are being formulated. While some of the regulations are already in place, there are still loopholes and scenarios that have not been covered in detail. For instance, custom-built drones like the ones we build in this document do not comply with NPNT and DGCA recognizes them as non-NPNT drones. Pilots cannot request for a UIN for these drones at the moment. The best course of action in this scenario is to stay as compliant as logically possible. Scroll down for more details on this specific scenario.
Drone Categories¶
The following are the different categories recognized by the DGCA as of this time of writing:
Category | Weight Classification |
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Nano | Less than or equal to 250 grams. |
Micro | Greater than 250 grams and less than or equal to 2 kg. |
Small | Greater than 2 kg and less than or equal to 25 kg. |
Medium | Greater than 25 kg and less than or equal to 150 kg. |
Large | Greater than 150 kg. |
Primary Regulations¶
Here are the main rules that you need to be aware of:
- Drone pilots need to register their drones before they attempt to fly them.
- Drones must not be flown higher than 200ft vertically off the ground.
- Drone pilots must always maintain line-of-sight with their drones when flying them.
- Drones cannot be flown in no-fly zones or controlled airspace (mostly places of national importance, military locations, airports, LoCs and so on).
- Drones should not be used to violate the privacy of others or to harm others in any way.
Refer to this image for clarity (Taken from DGCA home Page):
In short, Regular Micro drones require UIN and the pilots need to adhere to the do's-and-dont's of flying RPAs. Nano pilots do not even need a UIN to fly.¶
Nano drones¶
These are drones with All Up Weight (AUW) of 250 grams or less. AUW includes any payload that the drone may be carrying. At the time of writing, Nano drones do not have any restrictive rules governing its use in India. These drones do not need to be registered. Note that a nano drone will be bumped up to the micro category if it's speed exceeds 15 meters per second or if it can fly farther than 100m from the pilot. The drone will also be bumped up to Micro category if it can fly higher than 15 feet off the ground level.
Since we are primarily focused on Micro drones, this document focuses on that category alone.
Micro Drones¶
UIN Number¶
To fly micro drones, you need to register the drone as mentioned above, and you need to obtain a UIN (Unique Identification Number) for the drone. This UIN number needs to be clearly indicated on the body of the drone.
NPNT¶
This drone needs to comply with NPNT rule. NPNT stand for No Permission No TakeOff, which is a system that allows a drone to fly only if the drone pilot has been granted permission for a flight. This is a complicated requirement that requires your drone to have a GPS GLONASS chip and a SIM, allowing the drone be tracked and monitored. This particular regulation is pretty hard to achieve for us, and we will be attempting this compliance only after large-scale adoption and support for this requirement in the drone building world.
RTH System & GeoFencing Capabilities¶
Drones in the Micro category need to be equipped with the automated capability to return back to the pilot if they enter restricted airspace (also known as Controlled Airspace) or places that they are not supposed to be flown into. This too is a complicated requirement for us to achieve and we will be attempting this compliance only after large-scale adoption and support for this requirement in the drone building world.
Flight Records and Logbooks¶
Drone pilots are required to maintain clear and concise records of their flight sessions, including information about flight locations, flight time, and other flight metrics. This is a manual requirement that each pilot needs to adhere to and is not in scope for our document.
What about a drone that you build yourself¶
We intend to build our own drones instead of buying RTF (ready-to-fly) drones. In our case, our drone build is going to be in the micro category. The DGCA Digital Sky platform recognizes us as a drone manufacturer, and we need to register by operating under this assumption. Since we build our own drones, we will provide our own serial numbers for each drone we register. Thankfully, this is allowed and perfectly legal to do so.
Custom-made Micro Drones & the Regulations that currently govern them¶
Drones that fall under the micro category need to be enlisted in the drone enlistment site, and as mentioned above, need to have a UIN. However, custom-built micro drones do not have the ability today to be NPNT compliant. As on 15th of April 2021, pilots cannot apply for a UIN for these drones. This is a temporary state-of-affairs that we expect to change soon.
However, what can be done about this situation? When asked, the DGCA response has been as under:
Please be informed that as your drone is self-made drone it comes under non-NPNT drone, so enlistment is the only process for non-NPNT drone. We would request you to do the enlistment. Then you will get an OAN (Owner Acknowledgement Number) and DAN(Drone Acknowledgement Number). And for the next process wait for further announcement from DGCA.
- You do NOT need a UAOP License
- You do NOT need a UIN number for your drone
- You DO need to enlist your drone
- You do NOT need a UAOP-1 License in uncontrolled airspace below 200ft AGL
- You DO need a UIN number for your drone
- You DO need to enlist your drone
UK's Drone-code¶
Other countries have their own rules and regulations. Here's a simple way UK's government advocates safety and rules:
- Don't fly near airports or airfields
- Remember to stay below 400 feet and at least 150 feet away from buildings and people
- Observe your drone at all times
- Never fly near aircraft
- Enjoy responsibly